List of food additives

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Food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavor or enhance its taste, appearance, or other qualities.

Purposes[edit]

Additives are used for many purposes but the main uses are:

Acids
Food acids are added to make flavors "sharper", and also act as preservatives and antioxidants. Common food acids include vinegar, citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, folic acid, fumaric acid, and lactic acid.
Acidity regulators
Acidity regulators are used to change or otherwise control the acidity and alkalinity of foods.
Anticaking agents
Anticaking agents keep powders such as milk powder from caking or sticking.
Antifoaming agents
Antifoaming agents reduce or prevent foaming in foods.
Antioxidants
Antioxidants such as vitamin C act as preservatives by inhibiting the effects of oxygen on food, and can be beneficial to health.
Bulking agents
Bulking agents such as starch are additives that increase the bulk of a food without affecting its nutritional value.
Food coloring
Colorings are added to food to replace colors lost during preparation, or to make food look more attractive.
Color retention agents
In contrast to colorings, color retention agents are used to preserve a food's existing color.
Emulsifiers
Emulsifiers allow water and oils to remain mixed together in an emulsion, as in mayonnaise, ice cream, and homogenized milk.
Flavors
Flavors are additives that give food a particular taste or smell, and may be derived from natural ingredients or created artificially.
Flavor enhancers
Flavor enhancers enhance a food's existing flavors. They may be extracted from natural sources (through distillation, solvent extraction, maceration, among other methods) or created artificially.
Flour treatment agents
Flour treatment agents are added to flour to improve its color or its use in baking.
Glazing agents
Glazing agents provide a shiny appearance or protective coating to foods.
Humectants
Humectants prevent foods from drying out.
Tracer gas
Tracer gas allow for package integrity testing to prevent foods from being exposed to atmosphere, thus guaranteeing shelf life.
Preservatives
Preservatives prevent or inhibit spoilage of food due to fungi, bacteria and other microorganisms.
Stabilizers
Stabilizers, thickeners and gelling agents, like agar or pectin (used in jam for example) give foods a firmer texture. While they are not true emulsifiers, they help to stabilize emulsions.
Sweeteners
Sweeteners are added to foods for flavoring. Sweeteners other than sugar are added to keep the food energy (calories) low, or because they have beneficial effects for diabetes mellitus and tooth decay.
Thickeners
Thickeners are substances which, when added to the mixture, increase its viscosity without substantially modifying its other properties.

Caffeine and other GRAS (generally recognized as safe) additives such as sugar and salt are not required to go through the regulation process.

Alphabetical index of food additives[edit]

0–9[edit]

A[edit]

B[edit]

C[edit]

D[edit]

E[edit]

F[edit]

G[edit]

H[edit]

I[edit]

J[edit]

K[edit]

L[edit]

M[edit]

N[edit]

O[edit]

P[edit]

Q[edit]

R[edit]

S[edit]

T[edit]

V[edit]

W[edit]

X[edit]

Y[edit]

Z[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Food Additive Status List". FDA. 26 August 2021.
  2. ^ "Cashew oil may conquer cavities. (tooth decay)". Science News. March 23, 1991. Archived from the original on 2012-05-27 – via Highbeam.
  3. ^ "Kapok seed oil – Transport Informations Service". www.tis-gdv.de.
  4. ^ "Meadowfoam | Agricultural Marketing Resource Center". www.agmrc.org.
  5. ^ "Mentha Arvensis Oil". May 10, 2006. Archived from the original on May 10, 2006.
  6. ^ R. Holser, G. Bost (May 2004). "Hibiscus seed oil compositions". AOCS. 95. Archived from the original on 2007-11-13.
  7. ^ "Orange Oil Applications". August 22, 2006. Archived from the original on August 22, 2006.
  8. ^ "Pecans as A Health Food". aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu.
  9. ^ "Pine Seed Oil". RecipeTips.com.
  10. ^ "Virgin pistachio oil". June 19, 2006. Archived from the original on June 19, 2006.
  11. ^ "ITERG - Example of innovation support: virgin prune kernel oil". May 13, 2006. Archived from the original on May 13, 2006.
  12. ^ "Quinoa: A Potential New Oil Crop". Purdue University. 1993.
  13. ^ "Anise". Purdue University. 6 December 1997.
  14. ^ "List of Existing Food Additives". www.ffcr.or.jp. The Japan Food Chemical Research Foundation.

External links[edit]